Na usoro ihe ndi anahu nke fiziks na tiori relativity puru iche nke Albert Einstein, oso oku na vacuum (c) bu oke kacha elu nke ihe ndi a mara na ozi. Ma, usoro mgbako nke relativity emachibeghiri ijide ihe ndi na-aga oso kariri oku. Ihe ndi a na-eche ndi a ka ha bu tachyons.
1. Mmalite Akuko nke Tachyons
Echiche ihe ndi kariri oku sitere na mmalite narini nke 20. Na 1917, onye fiziks Richard Tolman choghotara na njem FTL na usoro relativity puru iche ga-akpata mbibi nke ihe kpatara ihe, nke a gosiri na paradox "tachyonic antitelephone."
Onye fiziks Gerald Feinberg kere aha a wee meputa tiori tachyon na akwukwo ya nke 1967 e biputa na Physical Review. Aha ya sitere na okwu Greek tachys nke putara "ngwa ngwa." Feinberg kere ihe ndi anahu ka nkebi ato:
- Bradyons: Ihe nwere ibu eziokwu nke na-aga oso kasi ala c (dika, protons, electrons).
- Luxons: Ihe enweghiri ibu nke na-aga oso c kpam kpam (dika, fotons).
- Tachyons: Ihe ndi a na-eche nwere aro ibu nke na-aga oso kariri c.
2. Aro Ibu
Iji ghota tachyons, anyi kwesiri ileba anya na nhata ike-momentum nke relativistic:
Odi oso (v) kariri c, ibu ihe (m₀) ga-abu onu ogugu aro ka ike (E) ghara ibu eziokwu. Nke a na-ebute omume do iju anya: mgbe tachyon tufuru ike, oso ya na-abawanye. Mgbe ike ya ruo efu, oso ya abughiri nke enwere oke.
3. Tachyons na Tiori Quantum Field na Tiori Eriri
Na fiziks nke oge a, tachyon na-egosi na usoro nke enweghiri nkwusi, obu na obu ihe eziokwu na-aga oso kariri oku. Ubi nwere aro ibu (ubi tachyonic) no na elu kacha elu nke ike ya. A na-edozi enweghiri nkwusi a site na Tachyon Condensation, ebe ubi na "adaba" ruo obere kacha nta.
Ihe kacha amara ama bu ubi Higgs. Tupu a kuo symmetry electroweak, ubi Higgs bu nke tachyonic. Mgbe ubi dabara, o mere ka symmetry daa ma nye ihe ndi ntala ibu ha.
4. Ule na Anomaly OPERA
Otutu afo gara aga, ndi fiziks emeela ule di ukwuu iji choo tachyons site na iji ngwa cosmic ray na particle accelerators. Enwetabeghiri ihe ahuhu obula.
Ihe kacha amara ama bu anomaly neutrino OPERA nke 2011. Ndi otu OPERA kwuru na muon neutrinos ndi e si CERN gbapuo buru uzo kariri oku site na nanoseconds 60. Ma nyocha ndi sochiiri choghotara na njehie sitere na kebul fiber optic nke tochiri atochi. Mgbe e mezirichara, e gosiri na oso neutrino dakotara na oso oku.
Nkwubi Okwu
Tachyons ka no bu ihe mma nke mgbako na ngwa tiori di mkpa. O bu na ahughibeghiri ihe kariri oku eziokwu, mgbako nke aro ibu na tachyon condensation di mkpa na nghota anyi nke oge a banyere tiori quantum field na mmalite ibu na uwa.